When I was an undergraduate at Kent State, I never expected the University would someday be a national reference. Then came Monday, May 4, 1970, and the days afterwards. At the time, the Vietnamese war was not on my mind, although it was a preoccupation of many other people, particularly those who maintained we should not be involved in what many saw as a civil war in Southeast Asia. The then-current undergraduates at KSU, as well as those attending other colleges throughout the country, were greatly disturbed by the recent US military incursion into neighboring Cambodia. They began their antiwar protests.
The bars in downtown Kent were packed with students on the evening of the first weekend in May. Some maintained a riot was beginning to start, an event that would not have been possible fifteen years ago, when I went to those same bars.
The beer-soaked revelers arrived back on campus. Somehow, the white, wooden huts housing the ROTC behind the power plant were set on fire and burned to the ground. Governor Rhodes sent the Ohio National Guard, a thousand strong, to prevent further action against the school’s property and personnel. They were present on Monday when many students gathered on the Commons near the Victory Bell, once a favorite location for taking photos of a girlfriend. Even I had one of Karen sitting demurely there.
For some reason that was never known or agreed to, the Guard fired on the students. Within thirteen seconds, four were killed; nine were wounded. The terror of a war in Vietnam became, for the first time, a part of the terror of a war among U.S. citizens on American soil. A photo of a teenaged, runaway girl, Mary Veccio, kneeling over a dying student, Jeffrey Miller, became the image for the new horror. It has become the background photograph for all those who have asked me, upon learning that I graduated from the University: “Where you there before or after Kent State?” They usually omit the word “Massacre.” In some unknown manner, the riot, the shooting, and the devastation have all been encompassed by the name: “Kent State.”
The event and its multiple interpretations appeared on the news reports and in the Washington Post. Books have been written, with varying degrees of accuracy, about the tragedy. The conclusions vary with the writer. Even James A. Michener’s Kent State: What Happened and Why has errors, according to the University, itself. Carl Oglesby wrote his version of the events, based upon the eyewitness accounts of those who suffered there.
I tried to follow some of the published accounts, especially those appearing at the time, but found them troublesome. I preferred my own recollections of those days “before Kent State” when I walked the Hill and passed through its structures which were so important to my own life.
The major post-Kent State event for Karen and me was an invitation to a gathering of alumni hosted by Sen. Ted Kennedy at his home in McLean, Virginia. It was the only time when we entered the grounds of a “celebrity.” We were impressed. We had never been completely engaged with the Senator, especially after the Kopechne incident, but it was in McLean that we gained an appreciation of what charisma the Kennedy’s possessed.
We felt Ted Kennedy’s aura as he walked by us on his rounds and greeted the visitors who had come to reflect on the May 4th tragedy and to honor those whose young lives had been forfeited on behalf of a thankless cause.
It has been a challenge to try to understand the contrast between how the American public reacted to veterans returning from Vietnam and those who served in the Gulf Wars and current conflicts abroad. Thoughts and perceptions vary greatly for those who fought and returned from Vietnam and those who left and never returned from Canada. We rightfully salute those who have had multiple deployments to the Middle East and Afghanistan. Yet those who were drafted to fight in the jungles of Vietnam still bear different scars of war.
Somehow, the images of the massacre at Kent State have become intermingled with those from the Mekong Delta. It has remained difficult to separate the facts and the fiction of the terrors of life.